云南山楂茎尖的离体培养及其无性系快速繁殖

用云南山楂(Crataegus scabrifolia(Franch.)Rehd.)成年树茎尖和实生芽两种不同发育阶段的材料为外殖体,诱导它们休眠芽萌动,丛生芽条并诱导芽条生根。实验结果如下:1.以成年态的云南山楂侧芽为外植体,培养在附加IAA 0.1—0.5mg/l+6-BA 1-2mg/l的MS培养基上可诱导芽的萌发;将芽继代培养在附加0.5—1mg/l 6-BA的SH或MS培养基上,40天后芽数增殖4—6倍;将芽条截下置于1/2MS培养基上,附加不同浓度的IAA或IBA,可得到50—80％的生根率。2.以实生芽为外殖体,在相同条件下,则20天后芽数增殖便可获4—6倍;98％以上生根。结果表明:云南山楂的幼年态要比成年态易脱分化和再分化。     

New Constituents from the Low Polar Fraction of the Fruits of Crataegus dahurica and Their Anti‐Inflammatory Activity in RAW264.7 Cells

The fruit of Crataegus dahurica Koehne was used to treat the disease of infantile indigestion and dyspepsia as an ethnic medicine and food. As a continuous work on finding the active constituents from the edible herbs, four new biphenyl derivatives ( 1 – 4 ), together with two known compounds ( 5 and 6 ), were obtained from the petroleum ether fraction of the fruits of C. dahurica. Their structures were determined by the extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectra and HR‐MS spectrometry. Furthermore, the anti‐inflammatory activities of all the isolated compounds were investigated, in which compound 4 showed moderately inhibitory effects on NO production in RAW264.7 cells without inducing cytotoxicity.     

First report of Mycopappus alni in Japan: species identification of the pathogenic fungus of a frosty mildew disease in Crataegus chlorosarca

A leaf disease similar to frosty mildew disease caused by Mycopappus species was detected on the leaves of Crataegus chlorosarca in Tomakomai, Hokkaido Prefecture. From morphological observations and gene analyses of rDNA-ITS, the fungus was identified as M. alni, which causes leaf blight disease on Alnus spp., Betula spp., and a Pyrus sp. in North America and Turkey. This is the first report of M. alni in Japan and Crataegus as its new host genus.     

Clinical efficacy of Crataegus extract WS 1442 in congestive heart failure NYHA class II

In a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical study the clinical efficacy and safety of Crataegus extract WS 1442, standardised to 18.75% oligomeric procyanidines, were investigated in 40 female and male outpatients suffering from congestive heart failure NYHA class II. Following a wash-out period of up to seven days, the patients were randomised to be treated for 12 weeks with either WS 1442 (3 x 1 capsule) or placebo. The primary outcome variable was exercise tolerance determined with bicycle exercise testing; as a secondary outcome variable the difference of the double product was calculated. On average, the exercise tolerance increased by 66.3 W x min (10.8%) in the WS 1442 group while in the placebo group a reduction of 105.3 W x min (16.9%) was measured. This difference between the groups was borderline statistically significant (p = 0.06). During the three month therapy the difference of the double product (heart rate x systolic blood pressure x 10(-2)) decreased by 14.4 mmHg s(-1) (26.8%) in the WS 1442 group and by 1.3 mmHg s(-1) (2.7%) in the placebo group, respectively. Recording of laboratory parameters and adverse events showed that WS 1442 was safe and well tolerated. The data show that Crataegus extract WS 1442 is clinically effective in patients with congestive heart failure corresponding to NYHA class II.     

山楂和山楂叶的氨基酸分析

本文用835-50型氨基酸自动分析仪测定了山楂和山楂叶中17种氨基酸的含量。结果表明,山楂叶中氨基酸的总含量高达10.3％,山楂中约含2.4％。     

山楂和山楂叶中25种元素的含量

本文报导了用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定山楂和山楂叶中25种元素的含量,并讨论其中某些元素与山楂、山楂叶的药效之间的关系。     

新疆天山野果林准噶尔山楂种群结构与动态分析

为了明确准噶尔山楂(Crataegus songarica K.Koch)种群的结构特征和动态规律,该研究在新疆伊犁霍城县大西沟境内的天山野果林带东端设置5.25 hm₂大样地,对准噶尔山楂种群进行逐木调查,采用匀滑技术编制种群静态生命表,绘制存活曲线以及死亡率、消失率曲线,对4个生存函数进行生存分析,并根据种群动态量化和时间序列模型预测种群数量动态。结果显示：(1)天山野果林带东端的准噶尔山楂种群Ⅰ龄级占总体数量的65.5%,Ⅱ龄级数量出现骤减,仅占总体数量的6.5%,研究区内准噶尔山楂种群总体表现为增长型年龄结构,趋于Deevey Ⅱ型存活曲线。(2)研究区内准噶尔山楂种群的死亡率和消失率曲线变化基本一致,共有4个死亡高峰,分别在Ⅰ龄级、Ⅵ龄级、Ⅸ龄级和Ⅻ龄级,最高峰出现在Ⅰ龄级幼苗时期,死亡率高达89.9%。(3)4个生存函数曲线表现出前期锐减、中期稳定、后期衰退的特点,同时在时间序列分析中,随着时间推移,种群未来老龄个体逐渐增多,老化趋势较为明显。研究认为,准噶尔山楂种群现阶段的生长呈增长趋势,但种群的长期稳定维持存在困难,建议适当补充幼苗、幼株,减少对成年树的砍伐破坏,从而为种群的保育和恢复提供保障。